Noun Clause

Noun Clause

Noun Clause adalah Clause yang digunakan sebagai pengganti noun atau berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda). Selain Noun Clause ini, sebenarnya masih ada clause lainnya seperti Adverb Clause dan Adjective Clause. Untuk mendalami penjelasan mengenai Noun Clause, silahkan perhatikan penjelasan di bawah ini:

Menurut jenis kalimat asalnya, Noun Clause dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 macam, yaitu:

1. Statement (pernyataan)
2. Question (pertanyaan)
3. Request (permintaan)
4. Exclamation (seruan).

Penjelasan: 

1. Statement
a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "that"
b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Kangaroo lives in Australia (statement)
• That Kangaroo lives is Australia is well known to all (Noun Clause)

2) Subjek Kalimat setelah "It"

• It is well known to all that Kangaroo lives in Australia

3) Objek Pelengkap

• My conclusion is that Kangaroo lives in Australia

4) Objek Kata Kerja

• All people understand well that Kangaroo lives in Australia

5) Apositif

• My conclusion that Kangaroo lives is Australia is correct.

2.      Question

  A. Yes/No Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "whether (or not/or if)"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• Can she drive the car? (Question)
• Whether she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or not she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether she can drive the car or not doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)
  = Whether or if she can drive the car doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is whether she can drive the car.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder whether she can drive the car (or not).

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about whether she can drive the car.

B. Wh- Question

a. Conjunction yang dipakai adalah: "kata Tanya itu sendiri"

b. Fungsi Klausa ini adalah sebagai:

1) Subjek Kalimat

• What is he doing? (Question)
• What she is doing doesn't concern me. (Noun Clause)

2) Objek Pelengkap

• My question is what she is doing.

3) Objek Kata Kerja

• I really wonder what she is doing.

4) Objek Kata Depan

• We discussed about what she is doing.

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Used To

Use to/ Used to

There is a little confusion on how to use the words use to and used to. One reason for the confusion is that it is sometimes used as a verb, and sometimes used as an adjective. The other reason is because it seems like the tense changes. It's really quite simple when you look at it.

Used as an adjective. Use to be + used to. This means to be accustomed to. For example- I can study with the TV on. I am used to it. It means I am accustomed, adjusted, or don't mind having the TV play while I'm studying.

Or another example- Tim had a hard time living in Tokyo. He wasn't used to so many people. Tim didn't have experience being with big crowds of people before.

Used as a verb. Use to + verb is a regular verb and means something that happened but doesn't happen any more. It uses -ed to show past tense. But since it always means something that happened in the past, it should always use past tense. For example- I used togo to school in Paris. (I went to school there before, but now I don't.) Or, When Joshua was a child, he used to climb trees. (Now he doesn't climb trees.)

Remember, we always use this word when talking about the past. So when do you use use to without the d at the end? When the base form of the verb is used. Look at these examples- She didn't use to swim before noon. (Now she does swim before noon.) Or Did your father use to ride a horse? In these cases the past tense is shown with the did and didn't. 

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Conjuction

Conjuction

Salah satu dari part of Speech yang perlu kita pelajari adalah Conjunctions.Conjunctions (Kata Sambung) adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata-kata, ungkapan atau kalimat dan sebagainya. Kata Sambung yang paling umum digunakan dalam Bahasa Inggris adalah “and”, “or” dan “but”. Conjuction dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu:

Coordinating Conjunctions	Subordinating Conjunctions
and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so	although, because, since, unless

Contoh:

1. Jamie, Adam and Lee arranged to meet by The Bull at 7 o’clock.
   (Conjunction “and” menghubungkan “Jamie”, “Adam” + “Lee”)
2. It is a small but practical kitchen.
   (Conjunction “but” menghubungkan “small” + “practical”)
3. The manager or his secretary will notify you when the report is ready.
   (Conjunction “or” menghubungkan “manager” + “secretary”)

Dialogue

A : Do you often read newspaper?
B : Sometimes. My mother sometimes brings it from her working place.
A : What do you like to read most?
B : I like news most, especially news about other country. Someday I want to go overseas.
A : You should be able to speak English if you want to go overseas.
B : Yes, I will learn it from now.
A : Is there also English lesson in the newspaper?
B : Yes, but very little.
A : Oh ya, what paper do you often read?
B : Pos Kota paper. How about you? Do you also like to read newspaper?
A : Actually I like, but I don’t have newspaper to read. My mother never brings it for me.
B : One day I will bring it for you.
A : Thank you.

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Arguing

Arguing

Dialogue arguing

JO         : There’s no point in arguing with you, I’ll never win.

TOM     : No, because I’m right!

JO         : Not because of that, because you’re better at arguing than me.

TOM     : Eh? You’re not stupid. If I’m wrong, you should be able to show that I’m wrong. If you can’t, then saying I’m better at arguing than you is just another of saying I’m right and you’re wrong!

JO         : Not at all. Just because you can construct better arguments than me, that doesn’t mean you’re right. People can construct very good arguments for false positions.

TOM     : Sure they do, but if we’re committed to rational debate, then you surely have to accept whatever the best argument leads you to. You wouldn’t say “There’s no point arguing with you, your evidence is better than mine”. If I have better evidence, you should agree with me; likewise if I have better arguments.

JO         : It’s not quite the same. If the evidence supports one theory better than another, then we both have good reasons for accepting that. But the strength of arguments depends much more on the strength of the arguer. For example, I bet if you wanted to, you could beat me in almost any argument, even if you chose to defend a position you thought was false.

TOM     : I’m not sure about that! But even if it’s true, you’ve got a problem. I assume you think that as a rational person, you should accept whatever position has the best arguments in favour of it?

JO         : I guess so.

TOM     : Well better arguments are bound to come from people who are better arguers! So you can’t just refuse to accept what I say on the basis that I’m better at arguing than you.

JO         : I still think I’m on to something here, but, as usual, right now, you have the better argument.

TOM     : Because I’m right!

JO         : Because you’re the better arguer – it’s not the same.

TOM     : Grr!

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Expressing Agreement/Disagreement

Agreement and Disagreement

To express agree or disagree to an opinion, you may use the following expressions:

Starting an opinion	·                     In my opinion… ·                     The way I see it… ·                     If you want my honest opinion…. ·                     According to Lisa… ·                     As far as I’m concerned… ·                     If you ask me…
Asking for an opinion	·                     What’s your idea? ·                     What are your thoughts on all of this? ·                     How do you feel about that? ·                     Do you have anything to say about this? ·                     What do you think? ·                     Do you agree? ·                     Wouldn’t you say?
Expressing agreement	·                     I agree with you 100 percent. ·                     I couldn’t agree with you more. ·                     That’s so true. ·                     That’s for sure. ·                     (slang) Tell me about it! ·                     You’re absolutely right. ·                     Absolutely. ·                     That’s exactly how I feel. ·                     Exactly. ·                     I’m afraid I agree with James. ·                     I have to side with Dad on this one. ·                     No doubt about it. ·                     (agree with negative statement) Me neither. ·                     (weak) I suppose so./I guess so. ·                     You have a point there. ·                     I was just going to say that.
Expressing disagreement	·                     I don’t think so. ·                     (strong) No way. ·                     I’m afraid I disagree. ·                     (strong) I totally disagree. ·                     I beg to differ. ·                     (strong) I’d say the exact opposite. ·                     Not necessarily. ·                     That’s not always true. ·                     That’s not always the case. ·                     No, I’m not so sure about that. ·                     I can’t accept it ·                     I don’t think I agree with you.

Dialogue agreement

Ati        : Hey, Look at my new Ring , isn't it cool??
Bis        : Yeah, I absolutely agree with you, your ring is so cool. It perfectly matches with your finger. It must be a very expensive ring.

Dialogue disagreement

John      : Hey what do u think about this movie?
Zedo     : I think this movie is really good.
John      : I don't think so. This movie is so boring that I sleep while watch it. The plot is flat and there is not any     suspense in the story. I like watching film but this time I disagree with you.

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Expressing Opinion

 EXPRESSION OPINION

Language expression :

To ask on opinion from other, we can use questions such as : 
·         What do you think of..? 
·         What is your opinion about…? 
·         How about..? 
·         What are you views on ..?
To give on opinion you can use 
·         In my opinion.. 
·         I think that.. 
·         I really think.. 
·         It seem to me that..

Dialogue

Assistant   : Good morning, Miss. Can I help you

Tiara         : Yes, please. I need a pair of shoes and also a pair of jeans.

Nana        : And I want to buy a hat and dress.

Assistant   : Oh….. You can find it there.

Tiara         : Nana, come here! What do you think about this pair of jeans?

Nana         : I think that it’s suitable for you.

Tiara         : But, I don’t like the colour.

Nana         : It seems that this one is suitable for you. This is blue! Your favourite colour.

Tiara         : Yes, correct. I will take this one. And what about you?

Nana         : Wait a moment. I’ll choose one of these hats.

Tiara         : What colour do you want?

Nana         : I want red colour.

Tiara         : What about this red one?

Nana        : This is very sweet. I’ll try it first.

Tiara         : Where is the sitting room?

Assistant   : The fitting room is at the corner.

Nana         : Ok. Let’s go there.

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Expressing Certainly

Expressing Certainly

EXPRESSING CERTAINTY

·                     I’m positive ·                     I’m very sure ·                     I’m certain ·                     I believe so

Dialogue 

AmisYR : Hi, Kin! Good morning!

KinnBR  : Hello, Mis! Good morning!

AmisYR : What do you think if we decorate our class?

KinnBR  : That’s good idea, make a wall magazine I think.

AmisYR : Are you sure?

KinnBR  : Yes, certainly. Our class look nice if there is a wall magazine.

AmisYR : Well it is possible I suppose it but I doubt it.

KinnBR  : So, what do you think?

AmisYR : Why don’t we buy flowers for our class?

KinnBR  : Oh, I don’t think so. It is expensive.

AmisYR : You are right, but we can collect money.

KinnBR  : I doubt it. I’m broke now. I don’t think can get enough money.

AmisYR : Yeah, come on. I can lend you the money if you want.

KinnBR  : Really?

AmisYR : Of course.

KinnBR  : Thank you very much.

AmisYR : Don’t mention it.

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Giving and Responding to Compliment

Giving Compliment

Everyone likes to hear compliments. Compliments make people feel good about themselves, and we all need that at times. Hotel guests and staff are no exceptions. Guests may give hotel staff compliments for the quality of their service, for their English ability, for their appearance in an unique uniform, or for doing something a little extra for the guest.

A hotel staff may give a guest a compliment about how they look in a newly purchased outfit, or for their patience when a problem arises, or for a beautiful new hair style after visiting a beauty parlor. Look at the expressions below that can be used when giving and responding to compliments.

Expression Of Giving Compaliment

That’s a very nice …(dress).

—Great job on the …(presentation).

—You look very good in … (that new hair-do).

—This dish is delicious, my compliments to the chef.

—That … (tie) looks great on you.

Responses to compliments

—How kind of you to say so.

—Thank you.

—I’m glad you like it.

—It was nothing really. (an expression of modesty and humility)

Dialogue

Staff     : What a beautiful dress, Mrs. Elliot.

Guest   : Thanks, I’m glad you like it.

Staff     : Your new hair-do looks absolutely gorgeous, Mrs. Simpson.

Guest   : How kind of you to say so.

Guest   : My compliments to the chef. This linguine is superb.

Staff     : Thank you ma’am. I’ll be sure to let the chef know.

Guest   : Your English is very good.

Staff     : Thank you very much.

Staff     : Excellent game Mr. Johnson. You really gave me a workout.

Guest   : Thanks, I guess all those private lessons are finally paying off.

Guest   : I really appreciate all the extra work you did on helping us solve that problem. It truly went above and beyond. My compliments to your work ethic.

Staff     : Thank you sir, how kind of you to say so.

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